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Fintech 3.0: Now Is The Best Time To Build In Crypto

Y Combinator Startup Podcast

Full Title

Fintech 3.0: Now Is The Best Time To Build In Crypto

Summary

The episode argues that the current technological advancements in blockchain infrastructure, stablecoins, and regulatory clarity have created a "golden age" for building innovative crypto applications.

Hosts discuss how these developments are enabling new financial experiences and business models that were previously impossible, encouraging entrepreneurs to build in the space.

Key Points

  • The current era is termed "Fintech 3.0," representing a shift from incremental improvements on legacy systems (Fintech 2.0) to rebuilding financial systems from the ground up using crypto.
  • Unlike the AI boom with ChatGPT, crypto has not yet had a universally recognized "magic moment" with the general public, indicating a prime opportunity for builders to break through and create mainstream adoption.
  • Technological progress in blockchain chains has made them significantly faster and cheaper, moving from expensive transactions to fractions of a cent, enabling consumer-grade applications.
  • Layer 2 blockchains are crucial for scaling, as they build upon the decentralization and security of Layer 1 blockchains like Ethereum, enabling mass adoption without compromising core principles.
  • Regulatory clarity, though still evolving, is reducing the previous burden on startups that spent disproportionately on legal counsel, thus lowering the barrier to entry for innovation.
  • Stablecoins, particularly programmable dollars, are a critical unlock, providing global access to dollars for individuals and businesses outside the US, facilitating remittances and enabling new financial services.
  • The rise of local currency stablecoins presents an opportunity to empower local economies without dollar dominance, allowing for innovation on national currencies.
  • Tokenization is transforming various asset classes, moving them from legacy systems to programmable smart contracts, creating massive potential for value creation.
  • Emerging asset classes, especially in the creator economy, are being tokenized, allowing creators to raise capital and monetize their content directly in a free market.
  • The intersection of AI and crypto offers unique opportunities, with crypto providing verifiable "hardness" for AI-generated content and acting as a native platform for AI agents to transact.
  • Y Combinator and Coinbase are actively seeking and encouraging builders to develop crypto startups, emphasizing the current favorable conditions for innovation.

Conclusion

The current technological infrastructure and evolving regulatory landscape in crypto have created an unprecedented opportunity for entrepreneurs to build innovative applications.

Stablecoins are a key enabler, providing programmable money and financial inclusion, with potential for both dollar-based and local currency-based applications.

The integration of crypto with emerging technologies like AI, along with the tokenization of new and existing assets, points to a future of more efficient, accessible, and value-driven financial systems.

Discussion Topics

  • Given the advancements in chain scaling and stablecoins, what specific "Fintech 3.0" applications do you believe have the most potential to disrupt traditional finance?
  • How can builders best navigate the evolving regulatory landscape to foster innovation in the crypto space while ensuring compliance?
  • With the rise of AI and the increasing programmability of money, what are the most exciting future intersections of these technologies, and how can they be leveraged for user benefit?

Key Terms

Fintech 1.0
Early online payment systems and services, exemplified by PayPal, that enabled consumers to pay online.
Fintech 2.0
Companies that built on existing financial infrastructure to offer improved consumer experiences.
Fintech 3.0
A paradigm shift focused on rebuilding financial systems from the ground up using crypto and blockchain technology.
Layer 1 Blockchain
The foundational blockchain network (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum) that provides the core infrastructure and security.
Layer 2 Blockchain
A secondary framework or protocol built on top of a Layer 1 blockchain to improve scalability and transaction speed.
Stablecoin
A type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a fiat currency like the US dollar.
AMM (Automated Market Maker)
A type of decentralized exchange protocol that relies on mathematical formulas to price assets, rather than traditional order books.
Smart Contract
Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code, running on a blockchain.
Tokenization
The process of converting rights to an asset into a digital token on a blockchain.
Creator Economy
An economic system that centers around content creators and their ability to monetize their work and influence directly.

Timeline

00:01:16

The conversation introduces the concept of Fintech 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, defining Fintech 3.0 as an opportunity to rebuild financial systems from scratch using crypto.

00:02:05

Hosts discuss whether crypto is experiencing its own "ChatGPT moment," concluding that it hasn't yet, which signifies a prime building opportunity.

00:02:40

The discussion explains the evolution of blockchain technology, highlighting advancements in chain speed and cost reduction as key enablers for new applications.

00:04:29

The difference between Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchains is explained, with Layer 2s acting as scaling solutions built on top of decentralized Layer 1s.

00:06:47

The discussion shifts to "hello world" applications for new crypto builders, focusing on interacting with decentralized exchanges (AMMs).

00:08:56

The impact of regulatory uncertainty on crypto startups is discussed, noting how it previously deterred innovation and how recent clarity is changing this.

00:11:41

The key advancements enabling the current "golden age" of crypto building are summarized: chain scaling, regulatory clarity, maturing stablecoins, and simpler wallets.

00:12:55

The conversation delves into the impact and growth of stablecoins, particularly their role in financial inclusion and programmable money.

00:15:46

Opportunities for stablecoin applications beyond remittances, such as local currency stablecoins, are explored.

00:20:20

The discussion turns to US-centric builders and their opportunities with stablecoins, referencing Coinbase's commerce payment protocol with Shopify.

00:22:16

The efficiency gains from translating legacy financial systems into smart contracts are illustrated with the Shopify example.

00:23:21

The importance of decentralization at the base layer while allowing for efficient, specialized applications on top is emphasized.

00:24:43

The mental model for entrepreneurs to disrupt incumbents by creating 10x cheaper and faster products on the new crypto platform is discussed.

00:28:40

The concept of tokenization is explained, covering both existing assets like stablecoins and the creation of entirely new asset classes.

00:32:18

The potential of the creator economy and creator capital markets as a new asset class powered by crypto is highlighted.

00:34:03

Attributes sought in crypto founders by Coinbase and Y Combinator are discussed, emphasizing builders, technological understanding, and core values.

00:36:28

The intersection of AI and crypto is explored, focusing on verifiability and crypto as a native platform for AI agents.

00:38:38

Exciting crypto companies that have stood out to YC, such as neobanks and collectibles marketplaces, are mentioned.

00:39:27

The advice for builders who feel discouraged after years in the crypto space is to focus on solving real problems with the technology.

00:40:26

The current welcoming stance of YC towards crypto startups and the increasing quality of teams entering the space are confirmed.

Episode Details

Podcast
Y Combinator Startup Podcast
Episode
Fintech 3.0: Now Is The Best Time To Build In Crypto
Published
September 23, 2025