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The Missing Power Layer of Modern Warfare

a16z Podcast

Full Title

The Missing Power Layer of Modern Warfare

Summary

The episode discusses the critical need for an updated power infrastructure to support the increasingly electronic modern battlefield.

Chariot Defense is developing innovative tactical power solutions, while the U.S. Army is undergoing significant modernization efforts in procurement and technology integration to address these power challenges and enhance soldier capabilities.

Key Points

  • Modern warfare relies heavily on electronic systems like drones, sensors, and AI, all of which demand significant, often continuous, power.
  • The current power infrastructure for the military has not kept pace with technological advancements, leading to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities.
  • Traditional diesel generators, while previously adequate, are now liabilities due to their inefficiency, fuel consumption, and the detectable thermal and acoustic signatures they produce.
  • Soldiers individually require substantial power for their equipment, leading to a significant power demand at the individual soldier level that multiplies at the squad and platoon levels.
  • The Army is shrinking the physical footprint of command posts, which inherently reduces their power draw by minimizing the number of electronic components.
  • The development of integrated "full stack" command and control systems aims to reduce the number of discrete power-consuming devices.
  • Previous power solutions for advanced systems were often insufficient, leading to reliance on oversized generators that operated at low capacity, creating signatures and logistical burdens.
  • Batteries, while promising, are often insufficient on their own for extended operations and require intelligent integration with existing power generation.
  • Signature management is crucial; thermal, acoustic, and electromagnetic emissions from power systems can make units targets.
  • Chariot Defense leverages advancements in the commercial EV and EVTOL industries, particularly in high-voltage batteries and silicon-carbide power electronics, to create tactical power solutions.
  • The U.S. Army's CTO emphasizes a hands-on approach to understanding soldier needs and the problems on the ground, rather than solely focusing on new technology.
  • Army modernization efforts, like "Transforming Contact," are focusing on giving commanders flexibility to organize units and equipment, and importantly, accepting more risk to field new technologies faster.
  • The Army is streamlining procurement and tech integration by consolidating program executive offices and aligning contracting, labs, and requirements generation under portfolio acquisition executives.
  • This new structure allows for a portfolio manager to assess needs, leverage commercial off-the-shelf solutions where possible, and focus internal R&D on unique military challenges.
  • The Army is actively working to onshore battery production and secure supply chains to reduce reliance on foreign entities, particularly China.
  • Success in tactical power modernization is defined by soldiers no longer having to worry about power, allowing them to focus on mission objectives and enabling them to ask more advanced questions about equipment capabilities.

Conclusion

The U.S. military is undergoing a significant transformation in how it procures and integrates technology, moving towards more agile, outcome-focused approaches.

Advancements in commercial technology, particularly in power systems, are critical enablers for modernizing military capabilities.

Addressing supply chain vulnerabilities and building domestic industrial capacity for essential components like batteries is a strategic imperative for national security.

Discussion Topics

  • How can the military accelerate the adoption of commercial technologies to bridge the gap in its power infrastructure for modern warfare?
  • What are the biggest challenges in building and maintaining a secure, domestic supply chain for critical military technologies like batteries, and what innovative solutions can address them?
  • How can the military's procurement and modernization processes evolve to better support rapid innovation and equip soldiers with the most effective, reliable power solutions for future conflicts?

Key Terms

UAS
Unmanned Aerial System (drones)
EW
Electronic Warfare
AI
Artificial Intelligence
C2
Command and Control
EVTOL
Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing
EV
Electric Vehicle
NGI
Next Generation Intelligence
JPMRC
Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Capability
SOCOM
Special Operations Command
DEVCOM
Army Futures Command's Combat Capabilities Development Command
TIC
Tactical Innovation Crucible
NTC
National Training Center
JMRC
Joint Multinational Readiness Center
THAAD
Terminal High Altitude Area Defense
JP8
A type of jet fuel used in military applications
API
Application Programming Interface
BM S
Battery Management System

Timeline

00:00:06

Soldiers' power needs are increasing significantly with modern electronic equipment.

00:00:18

The modern battlefield is becoming increasingly electronic, but the power infrastructure has not kept pace.

00:01:02

Modern warfare is heavily reliant on electrons, from drones to AI systems.

00:01:15

The military's power infrastructure, relying on diesel generators, is outdated for today's distributed and contested battlefields.

00:02:25

Chariot Defense is building the tactical power layer for robotic workforces on an increasingly electronic battlefield.

00:03:38

The U.S. Army's CTO focuses on understanding ground-level problems and driving change through collaboration and direct observation.

00:04:57

Gaps in power infrastructure exist despite the rapid integration of new technologies like drones and AI.

00:05:07

Tactical operations centers are evolving from large, fixed sites to smaller, more distributed units.

00:06:05

The traditional chain of support for operations, from drones to command posts, has been disrupted in modern warfare.

00:07:23

The average soldier's equipment now requires a significant and continuous power draw, comparable to a running laptop.

00:08:13

Next-generation command and control systems aim to be more power-efficient and housed in smaller command posts.

00:09:56

Powering counter-drone systems presented significant challenges due to inadequate and inefficient power solutions.

00:10:17

The lack of integrated power systems forced sizing generators to peak demand, leading to inefficient operation.

00:11:53

Fuel convoys for generators are a liability, and inefficient generator use creates detectable signatures.

00:12:05

Diesel generators are a target due to their fuel load and the thermal and acoustic signatures they produce.

00:13:20

Batteries can also produce detectable electromagnetic noise if not properly shielded.

00:14:11

Chariot's first product is a 4kW system designed to deploy power for units from squad to battalion level.

00:15:29

Battery systems can provide power for a limited time, but larger systems often struggle with efficient DC conversion and managing surges.

00:16:14

High-quality power is essential for command and control systems, as inconsistent power can damage sensitive electronics.

00:17:34

Clean, consistent power is crucial, and traditional generators can produce power with problematic voltage and frequency variations.

00:18:00

A smart power layer is needed to manage power distribution, optimize usage, and prevent critical systems from failing due to power draw from non-essential devices.

00:19:52

Chariot's core insight is that the commercial EV and EVTOL industries have already solved many of the challenges related to high-voltage batteries and power electronics.

00:21:41

There's a shift in technological innovation from government labs to the commercial sector, with military applications leveraging these advancements.

00:22:00

The Army's ability to field new technology rapidly has improved, moving away from lengthy traditional procurement cycles.

00:23:24

The Army is shifting its focus from process to outcome, prioritizing winning on the battlefield and adopting a more agile approach to acquisition.

00:24:14

Direct field deployment and feedback from soldiers are crucial for product development and refinement.

00:25:30

Chariot has iterated rapidly on its systems, going from concept to deployable product in about a year.

00:26:04

Interoperability, including hardware, software, and operational concepts, is key to successful integration.

00:27:06

Adapting products to existing military doctrine, training, and equipment through direct field experience is vital.

00:28:04

Extreme environments like the Arctic highlight how power systems and batteries fail under cold conditions, requiring innovative solutions.

00:29:47

Soldiers are developing ingenious solutions to power challenges in extreme cold, demonstrating the need for robust and adaptable systems.

00:30:31

The commercial industry's advancements in making power solutions smaller, more efficient, and less expensive are crucial for military applications.

00:31:05

The Army is modernizing its procurement and tech integration by consolidating portfolio management and aligning R&D, acquisition, and contracting.

00:33:47

"Transforming Contact" gives commanders flexibility to organize units and technologies based on mission needs, unlike traditional rigid structures.

00:35:57

The Army is leveraging commercial innovation and focusing its own R&D on areas where industry is not progressing as rapidly.

00:36:19

TIC (Tactical Innovation Crucible) is demonstrating success by identifying effective technologies and scaling them, while also identifying and discarding ineffective ones.

00:37:40

The Army is working with Congress to secure flexible and agile funding for modernization efforts.

00:38:12

Portfolio acquisition executives can now make trades and prioritize solutions that offer an 80% capability sooner rather than a 100% solution years later.

00:39:42

The reliance on foreign battery supply chains, particularly China, is a significant concern for the U.S. Army.

00:40:41

The Army has an organic industrial base that is being invested in to support onshoring of battery cell production and manufacturing.

00:41:41

The U.S. military's demand signal is crucial for incentivizing domestic production of batteries and other critical components.

00:42:33

Companies like Chariot can leverage the military's demand to help drive down costs for U.S.-based suppliers and strengthen domestic supply chains.

00:43:59

Focusing on the end-item supply chain, not just raw materials, is critical to prevent vulnerabilities like Wi-Fi connected devices being remotely compromised.

00:45:05

Success in tactical power modernization in 24 months means soldiers no longer have to think about power because it just works.

00:45:22

A THAAD battery crew was manually rebuilding generators due to adapter issues, highlighting the need for more reliable and accessible power solutions.

00:46:17

In 24 months, the problem of soldiers needing to manually maintain power equipment should be eliminated, replaced by reliable, microgrid-compliant systems.

00:47:49

The goal is for power to be a transparent infrastructure layer, enabling soldiers to focus on mission objectives and lethality.

Episode Details

Podcast
a16z Podcast
Episode
The Missing Power Layer of Modern Warfare
Published
March 24, 2026